What makes china an attractive location for inward direct investment Essay

What makes china an attractive location for inward direct investment by multinational enterprises - Essay Example This project has incorporated over US $580 billion. The inward direct investment for China has grown with these developments in the economy. In 2007, foreign direct investments reached $83.5 billion. Foreign outflows increased further in 2008 and has grown steadily since. China went ahead to announce increased merger and acquisition deals to above one hundred and thirty mergers in 2008. Furthermore, merger and acquisitions in 2009 exceeded US $27billion. China’s strength in the international investment lies its ability to remain consistent through economic downturns (Qu et al 2010). Foreign outflow and inflows in China has been notably stable despite persistent downturns on the global threshold. Most studies attribute development of the Chinese economy and its financial stability to foreign investments. More than fifty per cent of Chinese exports come from foreign connections, located within the country. Moreover, three hundred out of five hundred of the world’s largest companies, have extended their productivity schemes to China. These foreign firms alone employ approximately twenty four million workers within China (Green et al 2010). The data taken shows that over three quarters of Western, Japanese and other Asian multinational organizations move to China’s domestic market (Urata et al 2006) Investors are especially attracted to China by low costs of labor and land. The Chinese labor force is among the largest in the world. It consists of over one hundred and four million in the productive sector. This number alone doubles the labor forces of Germany, US, Italy, Canada and Britain altogether. The Chinese market is also characterized by offer deficit besides the favorable costs of land and available labor. China is endowed with resources such as minerals for example, aluminum, bauxite and oil that are useful in the investment process. The nation’s investment is similarly influenced by money supply and recent account balances. Coun tries seeking to attract foreign investment use such methods as these. The methods involve creation of incentives by reduced taxation on exportation to China, critical recommendations on technology and favorable loaning processes along with good infrastructure for telecommunication and transport purposes (Paprzycki et al 2008). Chinese inward investments by and large exceed those that are made outside the country. The country has also resulted in creating provision for its international capital for own foreign investments. China’s overseas investments have been encouraged by overflow of resources and the country’s allegoric domestic demand. The country’s excessive capacity in production has led to sectors of the Chinese economy seeking international investment opportunities. This for the sake of further growth in such industries that bear an overflow. Furthermore, investments take advantage of quota free access to countries like the United States by investing di rectly through other nations such as Africa and Cambodia. Other nations have advantages such as location specificity and incentives (Wang, 2002). The United Kingdom for example provides with investment grants. Chinese foreign investments take advantage of this benefits. Investments by the Chinese firms is motivated by opportunities to gain knowledge on certain technologies. The Chinese foreign direct investment goes into other economies with the aim of obtaining technological knowhow. The technological knowledge later applies in China’s own production processes (Zheng, 2008). The Chinese government reinforces foreign investmen

Decision Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision Paper - Case Study Example Presently, the school has two payment models, which are the fixed tuition fee system and the after care school payment. In both instances, there are variations with how much parents would pay; especially with the after care fee. With the tuition fee, the difference in amount of money to pay comes in as a result of existing discount systems for parents who qualify and fall within discount criteria. With the after school system, the difference comes in how many hours a student would be engaged in the system. This means that the billing system is complicated because of the differences. However, the billing system is typically manual whereby parents have to make payments directly to the vice principal and in her office. One other situation that creates a bit of difficulty with the present billing and information system; apart from its manual nature is that the payment procedure allows for two modes of payments, which are paying in bulk and paying in installment. Generally, this involves high cost and time for the vice principal in keeping records of various times of billing that payments are made. But for the inability of the information system to handle complex processes including the billing system of the school, the school would have grown beyond its present grade 3 level. The fact of the case is that because the information system is highly manual and complicated, the administrative term of the school hardly have any extra time to undertake administration programs that are centered on growth and expansion. If the principals and administrative term had for the past twenty (20) years dealt with something more advanced and modern, they would have spent less time managing the billing system of the school such that they could have concentrated their time on publishing for the physical expansion of the school. Diagrammatically, the billing and information system uses Microsoft Excel software that contain the following data about students and payments. Student Name Pa rent Name discount on fixed fees Monthly fixed tuition fee Monthly fixed after-care fee Discounted fixed fees Monthly â€Å"drop-in† fees Total monthly fee Payment received Amount paid to date Amount outstanding Business Process Improvement The shortcoming of the old system is its manual nature, which makes working on the billing system cumbersome, difficult and time consuming. It was indeed based on these shortcoming and weaknesses that the new information and billing system was designed. The new billing system embraces and encompasses the new approach to technological development because it has its entire operational component rooted in technological operations. This is to say that there is virtually no need and use of manual manipulations to get the new system to run or start and complete a billing process. The new billing system is typically an online process that gives parents the pleasure of making payments from the comfort of their homes and offices. This means that th ere is a major advantage whereby the need to walk distances from people’s home to the school to make payment has been eliminated. The role of the vice principal to spend almost three quarters of her duties and time in the school overseeing the payment of fees will also stop. This means that there is going to be more time for the school to concentrate on its new expansion

Impact of Aristotle on Education

Impact of Aristotle on Education Aristotle Education and Plato Through the life of Aristotle, one would wonder how a mere thought of philosophy could impact the way education is practiced today as we know it. Aristotles way of life reflected the way he thought and what he wrote for people to view and educate upon today. He has many philosophies that are brought right into the classroom today without anyone knowing they are. His philosophies are truly remarkable. When a person creates something or teaches something, the philosophies brought in the classroom become so innate that people who use it dont even know it exists. Realism is an educational philosophy, which stresses knowledge that develops from ones own senses. Under this philosophy the idea exists that there is a real world not constructed by human minds, that can be known by ones own mind. It is through experiencing the world around everyone in which one learns the guiding principles and social conduct of life. Reality is what one experiences in the physical world. Therefore, everything one can learn and know comes from experiencing the world around us. Aristotle is considered by most to be one of the greatest pagan philosophers. He was born in a Grecian colony at Stagira, 384 B.C.E. At birth he was born into a set life. His father, Nicomachus, had a position under the King Amyntas of Macedonia as court physician. Therefore, this could relate to how his education started off. It was thought that his ancestors held the same position under the King because this way the area of court physician could become hereditary. As physician, Aristotle was taught in the area of medicines and was also trained for the position of court physician. It was here that he was clearly educated with a developing mind to entertain the many questions that arose in his head and the direction he would take to answer them. It is also clear that with each time Aristotle traveled from one place to another, it had some sort of impact on him: his thinking, his writings, and the way that philosophy is viewed today. With each place he traveled to, he was able to gain, share, teach, and experience the knowledge of philosophy. It was from when he was eighteen till he was about thirty-seven that he studied under the guidance of Plato as his pupil in Athens. He was held as a distinguished student among the group that studied with him in the Grove of Academus. The only problem that seemed to arise in his years of study was his relation with his teacher. Now these instances are not clear but it is known that both Aristotle and Plato had each their own ideas about certain views and philosophies. Therefore, it is only nature for them to bump heads a little in arguments over whether either side was justifiable with their ideas, beliefs, and/or views. There was still no reason to believe that the two did not have any form a friendship, since they both had such high views toward life. Legend reflected poorly and unfavorably upon Aristotle but legend has not been viewed that way as it is today. But it was shown even after Platos death in 347 B.C.E. that Aristotle still held Plato in high respects. He never gave any lack of cordial appreciation to him, when all people expected him to do once he died. The death of someone important in his life probably also affected the way he thought about certain ideas. After his teachers death, Aristotle went to Atarneus in Asia Minor where he met with the ruler, Hermias. There he would be married to Hermias adopted daughter Pythias. This may not seem relevant to how it influenced realism in education, but if one were to think about it, how can marriage not change the way someone thinks in some sort of way? A few years passed, Hermias was murdered due to rebellion and King Philip II of Macedon called upon Aristotle to return to Stagira. It was here that he would become the tutor of Alexander the Great, who was only thirteen years old. This had a great impact on history, as people know it. Aristotle taught him the knowledge of ethics and politics, as well as many secrets of philosophy in which many people probably would have trouble comprehending. Alexander the Great profited from the knowledge passed on from Aristotle along with Aristotle influencing the mind of the young prince to his benefit, and that is how history was affected by this contact between these two people. Once Alexander took the throne, Aristotle returned to Athens and there opened a school of philosophy. Later he followed in the footsteps of his teacher, Plato. He formed a school, Lyceum, in a gymnasium, where he gave regular instruction in philosophy. It was here that for thirteen years (335-322B.C.E.) as a teacher at the Lyceum, he came up with the greater number of his writings. He came up with dialogues, which were writings that Aristotle frequently wrote that are still read today and were then by his pupils. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he taught. It was in connection with this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, to walk about. Besides, he composed the several treatises on physics, metaphysics, and so forth, in which the exposition is a language more technical than in the dialogues. These writings show how much of a great influence they have, such as the way they impacted Alexander whom later became known as Alexander the Great. They show in particular how he succeeded in bringing together the works of his predecessors in Greek philosophy, and how he spared neither pains nor expense in pursuing, either personally or through others, his investigations in the realm of natural Phenomena. When Alexanders death became known at Athens, and the outbreak occurred which led to the Lamian war; Aristotle was obliged to share in the general unpopularity of the Macedonians. The charge of impiety, which had been brought against Anaxagoras and Socrates, was now, with even less reason, brought against him. He left the city, saying (according to many ancient authorities) that he would not give the Athenians a chance to sin a third time against Philosophy. He took up his residence at his country house, at Chalcis, in Euboea, and there he died the following year, 322B.C.E. His death was due to a disease from which he had long suffered. The story that his death was due to hemlock poisoning, as well as the legend, saying they he threw himself into the sea are absolutely without historical foundation. There are numerous ways that the theories, philosophies, ethics, writings, and styles of teaching of Aristotle have influenced education today and most likely will continue to in the future. Aristotle believed strongly in the importance of an education that studies the real world and then draws conclusions and gains knowledge through analytical exercises. With practically everything that is done today and taught today, there is some relevant relation to that of Aristotle and his beliefs. Through some of Aristotles books of Politics, one is able to see how education could be influenced and affected by what Aristotle says in his writings. Aristotles ethical theory is expressed through many aspects. Aristotle tends to express his feeling towards virtue in a way where it can go two ways. He talks of how virtue is divided into moral and intellectual virtue. Excellence of character deals with the good life and happiness. People are concerned with their character and getting the golden mean, which is true happiness, in life. One whom educates would be affected by this golden mean because they must learn to stray away from this aspect. They have to learn to educate for the sole purpose of those who are being taught to thrive as to what they are being taught. In a way, all these are interrelated with each other. Aristotle also explains the relation between ethics and politics, which leads to the implication for nature of morality and well living. Virtue, to Aristotle, is interpreted as the excellence of an object and that the object will perform its function effectively. This goes for people as well. For example a virtuous educator will successfully teach their students information they need to comprehend in order to go forward with their education. Aristotle divides human virtue into two types. One is moral virtue and the other is intellectual virtue. Although, it is hard to give an exact definition of each type, one would hope that an educator of today would lean toward the more moral virtuous side. Virtue is also a state of character that is concerned with choice with the golden mean. This leads to discussing the mean according to Aristotle. People who are morally virtuous are always making their decisions according to the golden mean. Of course not everyone is the same, different people have different means. This brings about the point that the good life is a life of happiness. Aristotle says such a life can be achieved by excellence in the two areas of virtue, but people are all aiming at some type of good in life. Some just may have higher expectations in their goal. People with virtual excellence want to have the good life that, according to them, is the excellence of character. The good life is referred to as being happy with life. Happiness must have two concepts included to fit Aristotles definition. Someone must exercise his or her thought of reason. He calls this activity of soul. Happiness also must have quality in the performance of the virtue, and it is the chief goal that everyone wishes to accomplish. Aristotle argued that the goal of human beings is happiness, and that we achieve happiness when we fulfill our function, or purpose of life. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what our function is. The function of a thing is what it can alone do, or what it can do best. This here is a key point in which an educator must understand. This key point of understanding is one of the most influential things Aristotle elaborates upon in my opinion. When he implies that the function is what one can do best, he implies that if someone is best at teaching, than they are to teach as their purpose in life. As a result of this function, they would than achieve happiness, but only if they were to do it in a virtuous way would they achieve happiness. Happiness is something that must be aligned with perfect virtue. This also goes along with the excellence of character. If someone is to have excellence of character he or she want or try to be happy and have the good life. If they achieve this then they will have the excellence of character. Some of these aspects are interrelated with each other. For instance, happiness is an activity of the soul that is along side of perfect virtue. Aristotle al so says that virtue must be a state of character because of a persons desire to act in a way that would ensure that golden mean. Virtue, excellence, the mean, the good life, happiness, and character are all interrelated within each other to be happy with life and achieve the golden mean. With all of this intertwined, the influence placed upon education, as a whole, is how an educator actually teaches. One may not realize it, but just think about what Aristotle shows through his views. Dont people go to school to learn morals, virtues, build character, find what they wish to do with their life, what they find to be enjoyable in life, etc. Every single thing an educator does to a student, as a whole, is based upon Aristotle ethics and politics with happiness. Another aspect in which Aristotle influenced education today is his views on realism. According to a realists point of view, the purpose of education would be to learn behavior in our society and guidelines to live our lives by. Throughout its long varied history, realism has had a common theme, which is called the principle or thesis of independence. This theme holds that reality, knowledge, and value exists independently of the human mind. This means that realism rejects the idealist view that only ideas are real. Matter exists even though there is no mind to perceive them, such as the classic question about the tree falling in the woods. To the realist, matter is certainly an independent reality, however, the realist also considers ideas to be part of the thesis. The role of the educator would be more of a guide or advisor to the students rather than an actual teacher. The whole idea of a realist is to learn by experience, so the students need a guide than a teacher so they can encounter it for themselves. Doing this, the students can determine what kind of knowledge they are inquiring, and how they can apply it to their lives. Therefore, an educators responsibility would be to teach students to learn from the world around them, not just out of books and from history. While performing this role, the educator needs to present the subject in a exceedingly organized and precise manner. While the educators are explaining how to learn from the real world, they might use many different kinds of methods from outside the classroom, such as field trips. This would let the students practice this knowledge themselves without have an adult stand up in front of a class and lecture about it. A realist would also present their material in a systematic and organized way and would also teach that these are clearly defined criteria for making judgments in art, economics, politics, etc. The children need to learn through trial and error, and experiencing joy and pain from naturally occurring experiences in their lives. Realists also like to examine physical characteristics of an object. They like to know the base of the subject and debate over its physical characteristics, rather than debate whether it exists or not. Many realists do like structure in their view of education. A realist educator needs to use lectures, demonstrations, sensory experiences, and teaching machines during their class. They usually approve of competencies, performance based teaching, and accountability. With this idea of using field experience instead of classroom lectures brings many controversial issues. A weakness in realism is that the curriculum for the class must be one that is rich in ideas for the conceptions to be tested. An educator must also be able to classify and categorize characteristics with similarities and differences. Others also say that the curriculum has to be organized in separate subjects in order to create an efficient and effective way of learning about our real world. Realism also fails to deal with social change quite frequently, being that no one knows what will be tomorrow, so therefore it is more of a teaching based upon the present and past. Being more in the outside world than in the classroom would make a student more universally aware, and maybe have more common sense, but not as truer book smarts. This question raises another idea of which student would be more effective, one who spends all their time in the classroom, or one who is working out in the work field? Should we even be going to school, or should we all just study all that is around us to be more educated. This is a question, which may never be answered, but according to a realist, the answer lies in the real world. For in the real world you can learn anything, more than you ever could in a classroom. In discussing Aristotles ethical theory, I found that he saw virtue as the excellence of an object and that the object will perform its function effectively. He also talked of the two types that people are classified into. Morally virtuous people base their life on finding the golden mean. Aristotle argues how the good life is a life of happiness and that everyone is aiming for that. Happiness, explained by Aristotle, is the chief good desirable to everyone. Excellence of character is achieved when someone has taken part in the good life and is truly happy. It was shown how all of these aspects are interrelated with each other in the sense that they all need each other to discuss a theory. Also, his realist point of view ties in to what the real world experience has to offer. Yes, ethics should be taught in class, but the outside world can not be ignored. Realism is a fundamental aspect to teaching and to a students life whether able to be noticed or not. Aristotle talked of many thi ngs that people have and will continue to discuss for years to come. Work Cited Aristotle (384-322 BCE): General Introduction. 2006. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. May 1st 2007 . Aristotle 384 BC 322 BC. February 1999. JOC/EFR. May 1st 2007 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.). 1994-2007. Regents of the University of California. May 1st 2007 Ross, David. Aristotle. New York: Routledge, 1996. Lear, Johnathan. Aristotle: the desire to understand. The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambrige, United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1999.

George Washington :: essays research papers

George Washington was commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution and first president of the United States (1789-97). Early Life and Career. Born in Westmoreland County, Va., on Feb. 22, 1732, George Washington was the eldest son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington, who were prosperous Virginia gentry of English descent. George spent his early years on the family estate on Pope's Creek along the Potomac River. His early education included the study of such subjects as mathematics, surveying, the classics, and "rules of civility." His father died in 1743, and soon thereafter George went to live with his half brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon, Lawrence's plantation on the Potomac. Lawrence, who became something of a substitute father for his brother, had married into the Fairfax family, prominent and influential Virginians who helped launch George's career. An early ambition to go to sea had been effectively discouraged by George's mother; instead, he turned to surveying, securing (1748) an appointment to survey Lord Fairfax's lands in the Shenandoah Valley. He helped lay out the Virgi nia town of Belhaven (now Alexandria) in 1749 and was appointed surveyor for Culpeper County. George accompanied his brother to Barbados in an effort to cure Lawrence of tuberculosis, but Lawrence died in 1752, soon after the brothers returned. George ultimately inherited the Mount Vernon estate. By 1753 the growing rivalry between the British and French over control of the Ohio Valley, soon to erupt into the French and Indian War (1754-63), created new opportunities for the ambitious young Washington. He first gained public notice when, as adjutant of one of Virginia's four military districts, he was dispatched (October 1753) by Gov. Robert Dinwiddie on a fruitless mission to warn the French commander at Fort Le Boeuf against further encroachment on territory claimed by Britain. Washington's diary account of the dangers and difficulties of his journey, published at Williamsburg on his return, may have helped win him his ensuing promotion to lieutenant colonel. Although only 22 years of age and lacking experience, he learned quickly, meeting the problems of recruitment, supply, and desertions with a combination of brashness and native ability that earned him the respect of his superiors. French and Indian War. In April 1754, on his way to establish a post at the Forks of the Ohio (the current site of Pittsburgh), Washington learned that the French had already erected a fort there.

Wuthering Heights Movie and Book Comparison Paper

Each reader has conjured up their own special portrayal of the imagery and character evictions provided, with every scene of the dark, emotional novel engraved In their brain. The very Idea of attempting to make a film adaptation of the powerful scenery and copious descriptions seems unsettling. However, a brave British actress, director and screenplay writer, Andrea Arnold endeavored to meet this challenge In 2011 with her dramatic romance, Withering Heights. According to IM Db. Err adaptation of this film received a decent amount of praise and nominated for â€Å"Bronze Horse† at the Stockholm Film Festival and â€Å"Golden Lion† at the Venice Film Festival (â€Å"Andrea†). I contend that Arnold effectively uses specific film techniques while maintaining important elements of the novel and decisively excluding others to portray the basic themes of the original masterpiece by Bronze. In the scene following Heathenishly arrival at Withering Heights, the director employs a purposeful use of setting to express major themes of the novel.This scene addresses the first day Catherine and Heathenish spend a significant amount of time with each other. Catherine invites Heathenish on a horseback ride throughout the countryside. Catherine then proceeds to take Hateful up onto a giant rock, where they both lay, looking out on the vast rocky terrain. The setting used here by the director Is an open, broad and empty countryside that they ride across on horseback and then revel in its beauty later on the top of the rock. In Rampage, Bean and Johnny's book they state that â€Å"an image might soothe us or repel us; it might evoke our sympathies, trigger our fears†¦ (246). The imagery conveyed during this scene illustrates the importance of the effect of setting on the audience. The visualization revived by Arnold help to further our emotions about these characters, giving us a realization of their loneliness and separation from their environment. Th e audience can then sympathize with these forlorn characters while also recognizing the alluring beauty of their desolate surroundings. This setting portrays a sense of isolation and one of dazzling mystery; both ever present themes throughout the novel and the movie.In the scene nearing and during Catering's death, Arnold effectively uses the camera angle and a contrasting tone to display the devastating effects of Catherine Catherine after he hears that she has fallen ill. When Heathenish arrives, the tension between the two crackles with anger and Jealousy, however after Heathenish threatens to storm off, Catherine begs him to stay and they embrace. The angle used during their tight embrace of one another focuses on Catering's hands, highlighting her wedding ring.The director uses this angle to show that although Catherine may be legally bound to Edgar by her wedding ring, she is bound to Heathenish through love. The director also uses two very contrasting tones in this scene, on e of reconciliation, et one of regret. The tone of reconciliation is portrayed when Heathenish and Catherine finally embrace, no longer relishing in their own pride, but openly expressing their love for one another. However, a tone of regret is conveyed as they realize the consequences of their choices to marry other people.This is especially evident in Heathenish, who, by his abandonment of Catherine has caused her to fall ill, and she dies in his arms after their embrace. The director chose to utilize these contrasting tones in this particular scene because it follows the main themes of the evolve; the unbreakable love between Catherine and Heathenish but also the remorse felt for the effects of their actions. The closing scene of Withering Heights applies a significant use of symbolism and proper music. This scene shows a depressed Heathenish trudging out onto the foggy moors when a feather suddenly falls from a bird and drifts down from the sky.The symbolism of feathers througho ut the movie portrays the love between Heathenish and Catherine, evoking memories from their childhood when they would rub feathers on each other's faces. The reason the director would have concluded with such homeboys would be to convey the fact that although Catherine has died, an undying love persists between her and Heathenish. This final scene also employs the use of music, which was not done in any other scene in the movie. The song, â€Å"The Enemy' by Uniform and Sons, plays in the background while Heathenish reflects upon a particular memory of him and Catherine lying in the mud wrestling.The director employed this song due to its powerful lyrics such as â€Å"tell me not of heartbreak, it plagues my soul† and â€Å"bury me beside you, I have no hope, in solitude† to reflect pond the main theme of a destructive, yet unchanging love. Mainly evident in its love triangle, significant places and death of Catherine, the movie remains true to the book in a number o f ways. Throughout the book Catherine and Heathenish have this noticeably deeper connection from the moment they meet.Even though their relationship is halted when Edgar marries Catherine, an ever- present sense of a strong love between the two remains. The movie excellently portrays this love triangle when Catherine confesses her deeper love for Heathenish although she knows she will end up marrying Edgar. The film, like the novel, displays their love as still remaining strong to keep the interest and hope of the audience that Catherine and Heathenish will one day be together. The movie also places emphasis on the two significant houses – Withering Heights and Treacherous Grange.In the novel and the film Withering Heights, where Heathenish and Catherine grow up represents passion, emotions and instability whereas Treacherous Grange, where Linton resides symbolizes stability and peacefulness. Their depictions emphasize their representations, with Withering Heights shown as di rty, rugged, dark and mysterious ND filled with elegant furniture. Arnold accentuated the significance of each place like the book because it represents one of the main themes of the passion and strength of Heathenish and Catherine in Withering Heights and the passivity of Edgar in Treacherous Grange.The movie also shows a significant event, Catering's death, happen in the same way as it did in the book. In both stories, Catherine dies while in an embrace with Heathenish. The reasoning for the director maintaining the way she died would be to highlight the overall significance of Heathenish and Catering's allegations, and the suffering it brought to Catherine, both consistent themes throughout the novel. While one could easily count a host of minor differences between the book and the film adaptation, the complete lack of the second half of the novel separates the film from its book.While the first half the novel focuses on Catherine, Heathenish and Edgar, after Catering's death Bro nze shifts the interest of the book upon their children, recognized as younger Catherine, Hearten and Linton. The film adaptation, however, does not even address this second generation of characters or their legislations. While at first this may seem like an ignorant choice, the decision to concentrate on the first generation of characters by Arnold does serve to benefit the film by staying within a reasonable time frame while maintaining an accurate depiction of the first generation.The film effectively utilizes the time allotted to a normal two hour movie. Without removing these secondary characters from the film adaptation, the movie would simply take too much time to watch. Hypothetically, if the director would have included these characters, the relationships and character oratory's would very likely remain â€Å"flat† or unsubstantial in an attempt to cram all the elements of the book into the movie.With an ample amount of significant characters in the novel, the exclus ion of the second generation helps to depict the first generation of characters more accurately, emphasizing special aspects of their relationships in proper accordance with the book. The director of Withering Heights, Andrea Arnold highlights the main themes presented in the book by Emily Bronze by her cinematic techniques and her inclusion and exclusion of specific events and scenes. She effectively utilizes specific settings, angles, tones, symbolism and music to emphasize certain elements like the descriptions in the novel.

Nortel Case Report Essay

The company also used to be affiliated with AT&T/Western Electric until Western was forced to sell its stake in 1949. In 1976, the company changed its name from Northern Electric to Northern Telecom Limited, and shifted its concentration on digital technology. In 1977, Nortel introduced its DMS line of digital central office telephone switches. Nortel ended its long relationship with AT&T in 1984, a year after deregulation named. Bell Canada Enterprises the parent company to Northern Telecom. In 1998, the company acquired Bay Networks and changed its name to Nortel Networks. In the late 90’s, Nortel’s sales of fiber optic network gear was predicted to help their sales, but the market became saturated very quickly. At the height of Nortel’s first 100 years the company amassed for more than a third of the total valuation of all companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), but once the Internet bubble passed, the company fell into ethical debacle. Nortel Networks Corporation, or formally known as Northern Telecom Limited was one of the largest telecommunications equipment companies in the world prior to its filing for bankruptcy protection on January 14th, 2009. During times of functionality, they specialized in multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturing. The company is based in Canada out of Mississiauga, Ontario, Canada. Their biggest rival always was Global System Mobile (GSM). Through the early 1990s, the company invested heavily in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in attempt to grow in European and Asian markets. This did not pan out so well as Nortel’s losses amounted to $27. 3 billion by 2001—causing them to lay off two-thirds of the workforce. From 2000 through 2003 there was a period of fiscal irresponsibility resulting from the work of the company’s administrators. Initially in 2000, they falsified their fourth-quarter earnings by $1 billion to meet market expectations and selectively reversing certain revenue entries. In 2002, administrators discovered $300 million in excess reserves being carried over and swept it under the rug for future benefit in addition to establishing another $151 million in unnecessary reserves. In 2003, administrators directed the release of at least $490 million of excess reserves to boost earning, fabricate profits, and pay bonuses. Losses turned to profits during this year thanks to the shifty methods taking place. Later in that year, administrators mislead investors as to why Nortel was conducting a purportedly â€Å"comprehensive review† of its assets—attributed by restatement $948 million in liabilities. They said restatement was caused solely by internal control mistakes instead of the truth that there was intentional improper handling of reserves which needed to remain hidden. 2 On October 23rd, 2003, the company announced that Nortel would restate its financials for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Shortly after this restatement, the major players of Nortel’s administration that were responsible for all of this were exposed through an independent investigation. In March 2004, The CFO and controller were suspended, in addition to the announcement of further restatements and revisions; they were terminated a month later in April 2004. A restatement in early 2005 showed approximately $3. 4 billion in misstated revenues and another $746 in liabilities. In late 2005, Nortel admitted that restatements were the result of management fraud—beginning the downturn of their stock. The company ended up restating financials four times over four years, replacing senior management, and instituting a comprehensives remediation program designed to ensure proper accounting and reporting practices. Eventually on October 15th, 2007, Nortel agreed to settle by paying a $35 million civil penalty and admitting to violations of the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. 2 On June 25th, 2009, Nortel’s price dropped to 18. 5 cents a share down from a high of $124. 0 in 2000. The company decided that month that they would discontinue operations and sell off all of its business units. Nortel’s CDMA wireless business and LTE access technology were sold to Ericsson, and Avaya purchased Nortels Enterprise business unit. Major Players in the Scandal: The major players in this scandal were the four members of the senior management: CEO Frank Dunn, CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and ass istant controller Maryanne Pahapill. CEO Frank Dunn, who is also a certified management accountant. Dunn was mainly involved in the improper use of reserves from 2000 to 2003. CFO Douglas Beatty, controller Michael Gollogly, and assistant controller Maryanne Pahapill were also involved in this management fraud. 2 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Toronto arrested ex-CEO Frank Dunn, ex-CFO Douglas Beatty, and former corporate controller Michael Gollogly on seven counts of fraud. Including charges â€Å"fraud affecting public market; falsification of books and documents; false prospectus, pertaining to allegations of criminal activity within Nortel Networks during 2002 and 2003. Magnitude of the financial issue: Nortel at its peak was one of the best companies that Canada had ever seen. Just like ENRON and other financial frauds at the time, Nortel appeared to be a shining example of success in the corporate world. Again like ENRON, Nortel grew through a strategy of aggressive expansion and purchasing of smaller companies in order to create a massive conglomerate. During the good times Nortel was the largest technology company and the most valuable company in Canada. Nortel accounted for over one third of the entire aluation of the Toronto Stock Exchange. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the Canadian equivalent of the New York Stock Exchange and holds the most influential stock market in Canada. Nortel employed about 95,000 employees worldwide. About 26,000 of those workers based in Canada alone. Nortel at one point had a market capitalization of almost C$400 billion. Nortel had set up pensions and healthcare protection for its employees. All of these were lost to either the restructuring under Frank Dunne which left about 60,000 employees without jobs or the bankruptcy that followed in 2009. Canadian government officials and regulators identified how destructive a full failure of Nortel would be on the Canadian economy. The Canadian government through the Export Development Canada project tried to lend money to the falling giant. However the Canadian government could not cover all of Nortel’s debt obligations. Nortel owed about $107 million and the EDC (Export Development Canada) could only supply about $30 million in short term loans. This $107 million interest payment accounted for about 4% of Nortel’s cash and put the company into bankruptcy. The world financial crisis of 2008 had put too much strain on Nortel and they were forced to begin liquidation. Public auditor: The auditors involved with this case were Deloitte and Touche. In documents from the fraud case, which is still being heard by the Royal court in Canada, Deloitte claims that they were not given proper documentation by Nortel. Deloitte claims that they did not have pertinent information which should have been provided by administrators at Nortel. Deloitte raised concerns to the audit board of Nortel in 2003 when Nortel turned a profit after Frank Dunne’s restructuring of the company. Deloitte raised awareness of potential fraud and did their duty in that respect. However further investigation conducted has implicated Deloitte in the financial reporting irregularities in Nortel which some have claimed dates back to the time of CEO Roth who held office before Dunne. Information coming out of the case states that even if transactions were deemed suspicious, they still signed off on the verity of the financial reports. Frank Dunne and some of his officers are now charged with fraud by both the SEC and the OSC which regulate the American and Canadian markets respectively. The case is currently still under review in the Royal court of Canada and civil charges have been brought in the United States. Fraud Triangle Nortel had experienced tremendous growth throughout the 1990s, allowing it to expand operations worldwide. Nortel’s expansion came during the telecommunication and technology bubble of the 1990s that inflated stock prices of companies in those sectors. Frank Dunn had taken over for the previous CEO, John Roth, in November 2001 during the telecommunication bubble bust. Dunn felt pressured to maintain the high stock price because it accounted for over one third of Nortel’s value2. Nortel management was also incentivized to post profits that produced executive bonuses with over $7. 8million going to Dunn alone. The primary members of the Nortel fraud were able to commit the fraud because, as executive officers and controllers, they were able to go around the internal controls of the company. That allowed them to implement many accounting practices that did not comply with GAAP. Nortel management’s rationalization for these fraudulent practices must have been that they needed to maintain the high stock price in order for the company to continue operating. Moral Breach and Ethical Issues As a publicly traded company, Nortel had the responsibility of fairly reporting the company’s true financial data to stockholders and potential investors. Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill breached this responsibility by establishing earnings management accounting strategies to manipulate Nortel’s revenues. Nortel management also actively sought to inflate earnings to trigger very large bonuses for key members of management. Perhaps, if these incentives did not exist then there would be less motivation to commit the fraud. Finally, Nortel’s auditor for over a century, Deloitte and Touche, has come under scrutiny by the defense lawyers in Dunn, Gollogly and Beatty’s civil trial in Canada this year. The defense claims that Deloitte approved of all major accounting adjustments that Dunn and his team had engaged in. Summary of Legal Actions On April 28th, 2004, Dunn and his fraud partners were fired for financial mismanagement2. On March 12th, 2007 the SEC filed civil charges against Dunn, Beatty, Gollogly and Pahapill for repeatedly engaging in accounting fraud to bridge gaps between Nortel’s true performance, its internal targets, and market expectations. Dunn and Beatty were charged with violating the officer certification agreement that was established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Nortel settled with SEC on October 15, 2007 by consenting to be prescribed from violating the antifraud, reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federal securities laws. Nortel paid $35million to the SEC, and $1million to the Ontario Securities Commission to establish a Fair Fund for affected shareholders. Finally, Canadian authorities arrested and charge Dunn, Beatty and Gollogly with seven counts of fraud. Their trial began on January 16th, 2012. Current Status: Nortel, once known as the largest telecommunications manufacturer in the world, filed for bankruptcy in 2009. Now three years later, the period of bankruptcy continues as the company discloses their every operating report highlighting each cash receipt and disbursement. When Nortel went bankrupt, executives believed that selling all business assets would be the best and easiest way to fight debt. Recently, Nortel has netted $7. 7 billion from selling its patents and businesses. As stated on their website, â€Å"Nortel remains focused on maximizing value for its stakeholders, including the sale of its remaining assets, resolution of claims, the wind-down of its global operations and entities, resolution of allocation matters with respect to the sale proceeds, and other significant restructuring activities toward the conclusion of the creditor protection proceedings. † The case for Nortel executives Dunn (ex CEO), Beatty (ex CFO) and Gollogy (ex controller), who were charged with fraud for affecting the public market and falsifying books and documents to earn larger bonuses, is still in trial. In February, a former Vice President of Nortel testified in court against executives stating that they had asked him to use questionable accounting methods to manipulate the company’s earnings. Although those who committed the crime have been charged, thousands of employees will still be left without pension plans and jobs. Nortel has spent over $20 million on retirement package these past two year, but unfortunately the company will stop the pension plan and disability program payments as it continues to sell away its businesses. By the end of 2011, Nortel was split into regional entities – Nortel Networks Limited in Canada and Nortel Networks Inc in the United States, causing disagreements over how to split $7. 5 billion that was earned by selling many assets and patents other corporations such as Apple and Microsoft Corp. The following charts, graphs and financial statements analyze Nortel’s current status. Case Study Questions and Solutions: 1. Dunn is a certified management accountant. Based on the facts of the case, which provisions of the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice that was discussed in chapter 1 have been violated? Dunn violates many of the provisions of the IMA’s statement of Ethical Professional Practice they are as follows: 1. Perform professional duties in accordance with law, regulations and technical standards. 2. Provide decision information that is accurate, clear, concise and timely 3. Retain from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out any duties ethically. 4. Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. 5. Communicate information fairly and objectively. 6. Disclose all relevant information, that could reasonably be expected to influence an intended users understanding of the reports analyses or recommendations. 7. Disclose delays or deficiencies in information timeliness processing or internal controls in conformance with organization policy and/or applicable law. He violated these by selective reversal of revenue entries in 2000. Followed by concealing the reserves in 2002, which violated GAAP, and then avoided posting a profit so the company wouldn’t have to pay out bonuses. In 2003 Dunn released the reserves to falsely report a profit, which allowed them to eports a profit a quarter earlier than expected, and to pay out more bonuses to senior management. Also in 2003 he misled the investors about why Nortel had restated its financials in order to avoid uncovering the unethical management techniques him and his team had been using. All of these actions take away Dunn’s integrity and credibility in the field of manageria l accounting, which are two of the standards the IMA sets out. Dunn failed to meet his professional code of conduct and his company suffered because of it. 2. What are the responsibilities of an auditor to detect fraud? How were those responsibilities compromised by the actions of Nortel’s management? It is the auditors responsibility to report fraud if they find it, however in this case the actions of Nortel’s management made it difficult for the auditors to do their job. The false financial statements and hiding of money veiled the problems of the company from the auditors. Once there was a hint of the fraud the auditors found it and perused the trail, taking the ethical route and also following the code of conduct. It was their investigation that brought down the fraudulent executives and forced the company to restate its financials properly. This would eventually lead to the failure of Nortel. Nortel made materially false and misleading statements and omissions in connection with the quarterly reviews and materially misstated annual audits of financial statements. This caused the auditors to not be able to properly do their job, and review the statements. 3. Describe the incentives that created pressure on Nortel to manage earnings. Considering the role of Nortel’s management in this regard, discuss whether it met its corporate governance obligations as discussed in previous chapters. The incentives that drove Nortel to manage its earning where greed of the management team, the pressure to deliver bonuses, the pressure to survive an economic downturn, and the pressure to make the company seem like a good investment to both current and potential investors. In an economic climate of intense competition and corporate greed the management at Nortel fell victim to their vices and allowed the pressure to perform to overwhelm their priorities. This caused them to put their own greed and personal ambition before the well being of the company. Nortel did not meet its corporate governance obligations. It did not follow any internal rules of how to run the business. It ignored any corporate ethics they might have. It lied to stakeholders several times by misstating the financials. They did not follow the professional code of conduct of their careers and also did not follow industry standards. They broke the law. No one inside the company caught the fraud therefore their internal controls where not effective. Each of these immoral acts is a case where corporate governance has failed. 4. The final quote in the case characterizes Nortel’s failure as â€Å"just another casualty of capitalism. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? How would you characterize the cause of the failure at Nortel? I would argue that Nortel is not just another casualty of capitalism. Nortel did not function in a system of free market capitalism where the government had absolutely no regulation and let the markets function however they wanted. The capitalism system of North America is more of a mixed economy, which combines public and private ownership of companies, and also provides government regulation and intervention to prevent and deal with fraud. Even in a free market the system is meant to come to an equal balance of supply and demand, which cannot be reached if there is fraud involved since the supply has been inaccurately disclosed by the senior management at Nortel. I would characterize this failure as one of humanity. It was not the economic system that allowed this fraud to take place, but the greed of the people and a social environment that ties success so strongly to wealth. It was the social pressure and the effect of human nature that led to Nortel’s demise. . The case discusses how Nortel’s managers prioritized themselves over the shareholders, which, in part, lead to the company’s failure. What should be a company’s first priority? A company’s first priority should be following their code of ethics. The second priority should be the shareholders, followed by the management and other employees. This hierarchy ensures that all the business that is done with be both moral and legal , meaning there is no room to commit fraud and damage the company. In this way you are putting the shareholders first, because by providing a stable and healthy company the shareholders will see an investment that will be able to reach its highest potential. 6. Was Nortel’s settlement a fair penalty? Should the SEC have imposed harsher or more lenient sanctions? Should these sanctions have been on the managers, on Nortel as a whole, or both? A fair settlement would offer compensation to all those who were hurt by this fraud. Groups that may have been hurt could be shareholders, employees and customers. Deciding what is a fair compensation is a little more difficult, however as much of what these people lost as possible should be returned to them. As for the managers who created the problems and took part in the fraud should face a sentence of termination from their company, loss of license (if applicable) and jail time. The company and the individual managers have both failed stakeholders and should both be held accountable. In the case of Nortel specifically the stockholder settlement goes with these guidelines, as for the managers their trial is still ongoing and therefore no sentenced has been given to them yet.

Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy A case study is an in-depth analysis of a phenomenon, a person, a group of people, or an event. Parts of a journal article may vary depending on the journal. Generally, parts that should be included are title, author, abstract, introduction, review of literature, methodology/materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, acknowledgements, conflict of interests, references, abbreviations, tables, figures, and appendix. Some journals may not require an appendix section.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Physical Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article has a title, authors, background, methods, results discussion, strengths and limitations, future research, and references. The title is clear and gives sufficient information concerning the study. Below the title, all the authors/researchers are listed. Their affiliations are also indicated there. However, the authors’ affiliations are ri ght intended. The abstract is a comprehensive summary of all the components of an article. In the current article, this section is well-structured. It consists of such brief sections as background, objective, study design, methods, results, limitations and conclusions. It does not contain a discussion section. This may be attributed to the fact that journal articles have a strict word limit for abstracts. Normally, an abstract does not contain more than three hundred words. A section called background follows the abstract. In this section, the authors have combined both introduction and review of literature sections. The introduction section is short. The focus is centered on the review of literature in this section. The authors did an extensive literature review on the topic under the study. However, previous research focused mainly on the effect of exercise and weight loss in people who had osteoarthritis of the knee joint. The methods section describes the methods used to obtain information. The research was a prospective cohort study for which adults above 25 years had been recruited (Paans et al., 2013). It was carried out in Groningen (the Netherlands). The target population was adults who suffered from osteoarthritis and were either overweight or obese. The selected subjects were to follow a diet and do exercises to lose weight. Both the individual and the group sessions were carried out. Individual sessions had lasted for three months followed by group sessions that took 5 months. Data was collected using questionnaires. Adults who had BMI greater than 40 were excluded. Analyzed results are found in the results section of the article. They indicate that exercise and weight loss programs can benefit overweight and obese adults suffering from osteoarthritis. The participants reported an improvement, which amounts to 32.6% on their physical functions. They also reported a significant decline in perceived pain. The results show that weight loss and exercis e can yield positive results over a long period of time.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The authors discussed the results in a precise manner. They compared their findings with those contained in the previous studies. They reported that pain relief attributed to the two programs was significant. Immediately after this section, strengths and limitations of the study were given. Major limitations reported include a small sample size, lack of previous research, and methodology related limitations. The next sections are future research and conclusion. The authors recommended further research to confirm their findings. A random sample would suffice in future study. The article concludes that the result gained through the two programs is significant. The article components were organized as follows: title, authors, background, methods, results, discussion, limitations , conclusion and reference. The case study acknowledges an organization that funded the research. It has a list of references, which contains all the cited materials. Reference Paans, N., van den Akker-Scheek, I., Dilling, R.G., Bos, M., van der Meer, K., Bulstra,S.K., Stevens, M. (2013). Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss in People who have Hip Osteoarthritis and are Overweight or Obese: A Prospective Cohort Study. Physical Therapy, 93(2), 137-145. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110418.

Naturalist Intelligence Examples

Naturalist Intelligence Examples Naturalist intelligence is one of researcher Howard Gardners nine multiple intelligences. This particular intelligence that involves how sensitive an individual is to nature and the world. People who excel in this intelligence typically are interested in growing plants, taking care of animals or studying animals or plants. Zookeepers, biologists, gardeners, and veterinarians are among those that Gardner sees as having high naturalist intelligence. Background Twenty-three years after his seminal work on multiple intelligences, Gardner added the naturalist intelligence to his original seven intelligences in  his 2006 book,  Multiple  Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. He previously laid out his original theory with seven identified intelligences in his 1983 work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In both books, Gardner argued that there are better or at least alternative ways to measure intelligence than standard  IQ tests  for students in both regular and special education. Gardner says that all people are born with one or more intelligences, such as logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic  and even musical intelligence. The best way to test, and develop, these intelligences is by practicing skills in these areas, says Gardner, and not through paper-and-pencil/online tests. Famous People With High Naturalist Intelligence In Multiple  Intelligences, Gardner gives examples of famous scholars with high naturalist intelligence, such as:   Charles Darwin: Historys  most  famous evolutionary scientist, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through  natural selection.  Darwins famous journey on the  HMS Beagle  allowed him to study and collect natural specimens from across the globe. He published his finding in the classic book explaining evolution, The Origin of the Species.  Alexander von Humboldt: This 19th Century naturalist and explorer  was the first person to suggest that humans were having an impact on the natural world and causing climate change. His declaration was made over 200 years ago based on observations he recorded during his travels through South America.E.O. Wilson: The worlds greatest naturalist, and the father of sociobiology, wrote a 1990 book, Ants one of two books for which he won the Pulitzer Prize that explained how these insects create social structures, organizations, and hierarchies traits that were once thought only humans possessed.John James Audobon:  This naturalist created a collection of paintings, Birds of America,  published in four volumes from 1827 to 1838. Audobon is considered the father of the conservationist movement and inspired millions to take to the woods, lakes, and mountains in search of rare bird sightings. Using the Naturalist Intelligence in ELA Class Perhaps the best example to use in a classroom of a naturalist intelligence is one offered by the poet, William Wordsworth. Wordsworth summed up his own naturalist intelligence best in his poem, The Tables Turned when he encouraged the reader to get up from his studies and go out of doors. After reading the poem, teachers could simply end the lesson, and take Wordsworths advice and march the class out-of-doors! (with administrations permission, of course). Two stanzas highlight Wordsworths enthusiasm for Nature as a teacher for all: STANZA I:Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;  Or surely youll grow double:Up! up! my Friend, and clear your looks;  Why all this toil and trouble?  STANZA III:Come forth into the light of things,  Let Nature be your teacher.   Characteristics of Naturalist Intelligence Some of the characteristics of those students with naturalist intelligence include their: Physically/emotionally adverse to pollutionIntense interest in learning about natureDramatic enthusiasm when in contact with naturePowers of observation in nature  Awareness of changes in weather Gardner notes that such persons with a high degree of naturalist intelligence are keenly aware of how to distinguish the diverse plants, animals, mountains, or cloud configurations in their ecological niche. Enhancing a Students Naturalist Intelligence Students with naturalist intelligence are interested in conservation and recycling, enjoy gardening, like animals, like to be outside, are interested in the weather and feel a connection to the earth. As a teacher, you can enhance and strengthen your students naturalist intelligence by having them: Attending class outside  Keep a nature journal to record changes or discoveries in natureIllustrate discoveries in natureRead books and articles about nature and the environmentWrite  articles about nature (poems, short stories, news articles)  Giving lessons on weather and naturePerforming skits about nature and cyclesConduct research on local foliage Students who have naturalist intelligence may take informed action, as suggested in the Social Studies Standards, in order to preserve the environment. They may write letters, petition their local politicians, or work with others to create green spaces in their communities. Gardner suggests bringing what he calls the summer culture into the rest of the year and into the learning environment. Send students outside, take them on short hikes, teach them how to observe and identify plants and animals and help them get back to nature. This is the best way, says Gardner, to increase their natural intelligence.

Say and Write Take Care (Ki o Tsukete) in Japanese

Say and Write 'Take Care' (Ki o Tsukete) in Japanese The Japanese phrase  Ki o tsukete  means take care. It is the phrase you would use when saying goodbye to a friend (whom you expect to see again within a few days) or a boss or coworker (whom you expect to see the next day or after a weekend). But the phrase deserves some explanation. Many in Western cultures believe that the Japanese use sayounara when saying goodbye. Nothing could be further from the truth, notes FluentU, adding that not only is this stereotyping, but the term sayonara also  implies a finality, as if you are saying goodbye for good. Saying sayounara to a boss or loved one may leave them feeling confused or  upset, says the language website. If you plan to study Japanese or visit Japan, its important that you know how to say goodbye in a socially appropriate way. Read on to learn how to use the phrase Ki o tsukete, including how to pronounce it and in what social context to use it. Pronouncing Ki o Ttsukete​ Click the link to bring up an audio file that will let you listen to the correct way to pronounce the Japanese phrase for take care. As you listen to the pronunciation for Ki o tsukete, pause after you listen once or twice and practice saying the phrase. Japanese Characters: Writing Ki o Tsukete​ It can also help to know how to write the phrase for saying goodbye. Before studying how the phrase is written, its important to understand the three Japanese writing systems: kanji, hiragana, and katakana. Kanji is symbolic (or logographic). It is the most common means of written communication in the Japanese language. Hiragana is a phonetic syllabary made up of simplified kanji letters, notes study guide  Japanese Grammar. Hiragana  is used primarily to spell words that have  Japanese roots or grammatical elements. Katakana is used to spell foreign and technical words (computer is one example) or for emphasis. The phrase Ki o tsukete​ is a combination of kanji and katakana, and is spelled as follows: æ °â€"を㠁 ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¦Ã£â‚¬â€š The phrase can also be translated as be careful. The saying implies a concern you want to express for the health and welfare of your listener, in that you are wishing her well until you are able to see her again. Using Ki o Tsukete​ Correctly The  Iidabashi Japanese Language School points out yet another issue to be careful of when using the phrase Ki o tsukete. You are, indeed, telling your listener to take care or be careful when using this phrase. However, the school notes on the website, Gaijin Pot: It is a phrase which signifies that one is praying for the safe trip of another.  As such, it is a phrase that only the person watching someone else go is able to use.  The person leaving cannot say it to the person staying behind. In other words, only the person staying behind can use the phrase to, essentially, wish a safe journey to the person who is leaving. So, if you are the one leaving work or home, FluentU suggests the following alternative phrases for saying goodbye in Japanese: è ¡Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ (㠁„㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢,  itte kimasu) I’m leaving home㠁Šå…ˆã  «Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢ (㠁Šã â€¢Ã£  Ã£  «Ã£ â€"㠁 ¤Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢,  osaki ni shitsurei shimasu) Excuse me for leaving first㠁Šçâ€" ²Ã£â€šÅ'æ §ËœÃ£  §Ã£ â€"㠁ŸÂ  (㠁Šã  ¤Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ'㠁•ã  ¾Ã£  §Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ,  otsukaresama deshita) Thank you for your hard work There are also a number of other ways to say goodbye in Japanese, which you will learn as you continue to study the language. So ki o tsukete (be careful or take care) to use the correct phrase when you plan to leave. Source Inc. BarCharts. Japanese Grammar. Quick Study Academic, Bilingual edition, QuickStudy, January 1, 2005.

Nuclear Accidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nuclear Accidents - Essay Example This paper reviews basic nuclear protocol as supplied by engineers and government agencies, looks at case studies of failure, and offers proposals and conclusions. Cases reviewed include Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and the 2002 degradation in Davis-Besse. Nuclear Protocol Nuclear safety mandates are highly detailed and specific (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2004; Health and Safety Executive, 2006; CANDU, 2005a; CANDU, 2005b; IAEA, 2006). Regulations are provided at multiple levels: Local, provincial or state, national, and international under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Reviewing these mandates is illustrative for understanding major nuclear failures. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or USNRC, emphasizes a â€Å"strong nuclear safety culture† (2004). They instruct â€Å"managers† to make comparisons between provided principles and day-to-day operation. They argue that organizational culture is as important to long-term safety as engineering issues. Safety culture and safety-conscious work environments are essential, and the USNRC argues that, in fact, there is no tradeoff between safety culture and cost-effectiveness, as the same procedures and policies apply for both. They point out that the nuclear safety of a plant is a collective responsibility. In the failures reviewed in this paper, buck-passing, attempts to duck responsibility and other factors plagued the ability of the plants to cope with problems. They recommend, among other proposals, that Partnerships along the utility corridor not be used to decay responsibility Board members and corporate officers personally assess safety Support and administration departments are briefed on nuclear safety Coaching and mentoring with supervision by managers Production goals be secondary to safety concerns, and this commitment be explicitly stated in production goal review Trust is maintained: Management and labor give concessions to keep the plant's atmosphere trust-sustaining Probabilistic risk analyses used in day-to-day operation Design and operating margins kept under control and review, activities affecting core functionality be especially reviewed The UK's HSE lists over thirty engineering principles that must be strictly followed, with risk erring on the side of caution (2006, 4-80), as well as principles of radiation protection. Shutdown systems, for example, should have two redundant and diverse mechanisms in place ( Health and Safety Executive, 2006, 80). Need for personnel access should be controlled (Health and Safety Executive, 2006, 75). Passive sealed containment systems and intrinsic safety features should trump active dynamic systems (Health and Safety Executive, 74). Each of the failures reviewed stemmed from a failure to adopt a parallel standard. CANDU (2006b) finds that the mechanism for handling problems should be control, cool and contain, or the three Cs. If reactor power is controlled, fuel is cooled an d radioactivity is contained, threats are controlled. This mean that 3C-compliance has to be in place at all times: Emergency conditions or regular, peak hours or slow, shutdown or upset operation, etc. The IAEA (2006) add a few salient principles. Principle 4 notes that any radioactivity gain must be justified by a pressing need. Principle 5 states that protection must be at the maximum feasible level at

Unstable angina and Hyperosmolar hypoglycaemic nontetotic Case Study

Unstable angina and Hyperosmolar hypoglycaemic nontetotic - Case Study Example Reduced levels of insulin make it hard for the body to convert glucose into glycogen resulting into excess levels in the blood (Hu, Pan, & Sun, 2012). Hyperglycemia can result into other complications such as ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia. Insulin deficiency results into a potassium shift from the intra-cellular to the extracellular space (Margassey & Bastani, 2001). This can also occur due to increased osmolality that accompanies hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia also results into dehydration as the body disposes excess glucose through urine leading to excessive water loss. The complication is also responsible for decreased consciousness. Therefore, by treating hyperglycemia, one will prevent worsening of the other three conditions. Insulin, infusion should be conducted first to deal with hyperglycemia. This will further result into the movement of potassium from the extra-cellular space to the intracellular space (Lehnardt & Kemper, 2011). Treatment of hyperglycemia will have an immediate impact on dehydration and decreased consciousness, and will stop worsening of Hyperkalemia and tachycardia by extension. Hyperglycemia can be treated in different ways. Glucotrol can be used to stimulate the pancreas to release insulin. Acarbose can be used to block enzymatic action on carbohydrates, while metformin or pioglitazone can be used to increase tissue sensitivity to insulin (Ripsin, H, & Urban, 2009). The goal tachycardia therapy should be to slow down the first heart rate. Several strategies might be used such as the Vagal maneuvers and medications. In practice, medications are offered when the vagal maneuvers fail. Patients can take flecainide or propafenone. Cardioversion can also be used in emergency situations (University of Michigan Health System, 2012). The management of Tachycar dia should be conducted with the help of ECG monitoring Hyperkalemia should then be tackled. Examination of Hyperkalemia must be conducted in a systematic level and this should include cardiac function, in addition to the urinary tract, hydration status and neurological processes (Margassey & Bastani, 2001). Normally, individualized therapeutic strategies should always be employed in the management of hyperkalemia. The management should be guided by the specific findings regarding the level of potassium in the blood. Treatment needs to be hurried up due to the fact that the faster the rise of potassium level the greater the chances of toxicity (Karet, 2009). Identification of the cause is key to establishing the desired treatment procedure. In the current case, it is evident that the hyperkalemia results from hyperosmolar hyperglyceamic Nonketotic syndrome which the patient is known to have. The condition is described as a complicated case of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, in which high levels of blood sugar result into dehydration, increase in osmolarity, and an increased rate of complications that might result into death (Karet, 2009). The current case of hyperkalemia is most likely as a result of the increased shift of potassium from the intracellular to the extracellular space (Barker, Burton, & Zieve, 2003). Question two Hyperthermia refers to a state where body temperatures are elevated due to a failure in thermoregulation mechanism characterized by the absorption of more heat than that which is eliminated (Hauber, Mohamed, Johnson, & Falvey, 2009). There are several causes of hyperthermia which include effects of drugs, heat stroke and other medical

Can a machine have a conscience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Can a machine have a conscience - Research Paper Example Computers have failed to exhibit creativity, free will or emotions. Most machines operate by their components. Therefore, machines have zero consciousness. Despite the argument that computers, for example, have the ability of performing computation roles and are sufficient in possessing conscious mind, computers have no conscience. It is quite evident that computations have the ability of capturing other systems causal organizations. However, computers have no mental properties within them. In most cases, machines operate under instructions (Hall, 45). Running the right computations kinds does not instantiate mental properties in the computers. There is more to mental properties and consciousness than simply operating a computer. There are various consciousness aspects, which are deemed necessary for anything to be artificially conscious. Such aspects are not available in machines. However, with technological progress in the future, the possibility of machine conscience is still open. This will, however, require aspects such as awareness, learning and anticipation. In this case, anticipation would mean that the computers have the predicting ability something, which makes the whole, process

Answers to Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answers to Exam Questions - Essay Example First, the model is simple and easy to understand as well as to implement. It should be noted that the variables in the formula can be easily accessed from public sources except the beta-coefficient which is not usually available for small and non-publicly traded business organizations. Secondly, it can be seen that the CAPM does not rely on dividends or have any assumptions on the growth of dividend which makes it applicable to companies that do not pay dividend or are not expected to experience a constant growth rate for dividends (Keown , et al. 2004). However, the CAPM is also widely criticized because it does not adequately explain the variation in stock returns. Empirical studies including the work of Black, Jensen, and Scholes reveals that low beta stocks may offer higher returns than the model would predict. CAPM will not also work for individuals which are risk averse as it assumes that investors will generally favor a stock with higher returns even if holding it entails more risks. Also, it can be seen that CAPM doesn't take into account the associated transaction costs and taxes (Capital Asset Pricing Model 2006). It should be noted that in using CAPM, companies with different debt leverage will generate different cost of capital even if they belong to the same industry. Debt leverage is reflected in the CAPM formula as the company's beta coefficient. Accordingly, higher debt leverage will yield to a higher as debt is seen a riskier source of financing. References: Capital Asset Pricing Model 2006, Retrieved 14 October 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model Keown, A., Martin, J., Petty, W., & Scott, D. 2004, Foundations of Finance, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey McCracken, M. E. 2005, CAPM, Retrieved 14 October 2006, from http://teachmefinance.com/capm.html 2. Debt leverage is the amplification of the return earned on equity when an investment or firm is financed partially through borrowed money (Walker n.d.). In order to illustrate how debt leverage works, let's look at a company who wants to buy a building as an investment which costs $1,000,000. In turn, it wishes to find customers who would want to rent the spaces. It expects to generate $15,000 per month. If the company has enough cash, it can immediately buy the building find tenants and can sell it at $1,200,000 after one year. Thus, the company will have a total gain of $380,000 from the sum of the rents and appreciation in the building's market value. This represents a 38% return on investment. However, if the company has only paid $200,000 and opted to borrow the remaining $800,000 with a mortgage rate of 12%, then the company will be paying $8,000 per month. Since interest payments are tax deductible, the company's monthly rent income of $15,000 will be more than enough to co ver the expenses. Even taking only the $200,000 appreciation of the building, the company is already able to recoup 100% of its initial investment. In the illustration above, we can see that debt leverage helps the company to maximize the gains of its

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Taxation - Essay Example Taxation of household savings is really critical to the economy of UK. A look into the current tax system in the UK is hence crucial. This book tax by design is hence a crucial and explanative way of approach in this matter. The motive is to find out the core aspects on which a twenty first century tax system can be based on and then use them in making applications in advocating stringent policy enforcement to make improvements to the United Kingdom tax system. To that end, aspects relating to economic theory and vital studies can be used to explain the effect of the tax system on persons traits and the outcome tradeoffs which people who make policies have to do between the numerous and conflicting goals which they can aim for the tax system to attain (Adam 2005, p.19). This is essential since household savings is critical in any worker’s lifetime. In doing this, we follow in the trail of the Meade Report which concentrated on the framework and reform of tax and has been criti cal in the dynamic issue of taxation policy in the UK. Moreover, the canvas is broader than expected, covering most of the tax system and certain areas of relationship with the social security and credit systems which can be affected by taxation. Persons do not only have the choice in financial assets. They could also invest in their self human capital, that is, knowledge and expertise. Such investment shall earn a return in the long term, just as savings could earn a return. There is no specific motive why we can wish to interfere with persons decisions between these two types of investment. In certain scenarios, a savings neutral treating of human capital may take place in a fairly natural manner. Moreover, no tax can be charged at the time the investment takes place (Adam 2005, p.28). The return can be taxed only when revenue from the investment can be earned. Savings-neutral taxing of financial investment can then make things even

Microsoft, Tesco, Google.com Market Segments Essay - 13

Microsoft, Tesco, Google.com Market Segments - Essay Example According to the study market segments in terms of promotion ergo become imperative. Market segmentation basically refers to specialising and specifically focusing on one kinds of consumers. Segments can be based on a variety of factors some of which include gender, geography, industry, age groups; or they can be a little bit more specific e.g. democrats in the USA or soccer fans etc. As the paper outlines by concentrating on one particular part of the market the producers are not just able to market their product better, they can even improvise and enhance their goods in a way which makes them the most appealing for their customers. Geoffery Yeo further defines market segments as, â€Å"Market segmentation is a technique widely used in he market research industry. It can be defined as ‘the process of splitting customers into different groups, or segments; within which customers with similar characteristics have similar needs†. How does one segment the market for food? E veryone needs food, however, if that was the only thing that crossed a producers mind then he would end up with a burden of a segment which consists of not just people from the UK, but the whole world. Focusing on what kind of food one is selling is extremely important, in our case we will be focusing on fast-food. Segments for this market will be created based on a number of factors: they can either be demographic or psychographic. Demographic factors take into account the age, sex, gender, income etc of the consumers, where as the psychographic factors look into what attracts and appeals to consumers the most. For a fast-food organisation to function properly in the UK it would have to focus primarily on psychographic factors.  

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Taxation - Essay Example Taxation of household savings is really critical to the economy of UK. A look into the current tax system in the UK is hence crucial. This book tax by design is hence a crucial and explanative way of approach in this matter. The motive is to find out the core aspects on which a twenty first century tax system can be based on and then use them in making applications in advocating stringent policy enforcement to make improvements to the United Kingdom tax system. To that end, aspects relating to economic theory and vital studies can be used to explain the effect of the tax system on persons traits and the outcome tradeoffs which people who make policies have to do between the numerous and conflicting goals which they can aim for the tax system to attain (Adam 2005, p.19). This is essential since household savings is critical in any worker’s lifetime. In doing this, we follow in the trail of the Meade Report which concentrated on the framework and reform of tax and has been criti cal in the dynamic issue of taxation policy in the UK. Moreover, the canvas is broader than expected, covering most of the tax system and certain areas of relationship with the social security and credit systems which can be affected by taxation. Persons do not only have the choice in financial assets. They could also invest in their self human capital, that is, knowledge and expertise. Such investment shall earn a return in the long term, just as savings could earn a return. There is no specific motive why we can wish to interfere with persons decisions between these two types of investment. In certain scenarios, a savings neutral treating of human capital may take place in a fairly natural manner. Moreover, no tax can be charged at the time the investment takes place (Adam 2005, p.28). The return can be taxed only when revenue from the investment can be earned. Savings-neutral taxing of financial investment can then make things even

What is Philosophy Essay Example for Free

What is Philosophy Essay Upon reading the opening chapter of Cahn’s, â€Å"Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology†, I was immediately drawn in by the opening statement from Beardsley and Beardsley: â€Å"The study of philosophy is unlike the study of any other subject†¦The only prerequisite is an inquiring mind† (Cahn, 3). For a science major, my first reaction is excitement, for there is no need to memorize â€Å"dates, formulas, or rules† (Chan, 3). As I continued reading however, I start to think to myself what I believe it means to take a philosophy course? My definition of taking a philosophy course is I would be studying the ideas of one’s thoughts, beliefs, morals, religion, and any other â€Å"stereotypical† philosophical description. However, thanks to the definition provided, when broken down, â€Å"the word philosophy is of Greek origin and literally means, â€Å"the love of wisdom† (Cahn, 3). What does that even mean? Throughout the opening chapter, both authors try to dissect, analyze, and examine these ideas of ‘philosophy’ and ‘philosophical questions’ for readers, like myself, to gain a better understanding for exploring such a concept. Still, how do I truly know that I have reached such an answer? There are three chief benefits that the authors provide, â€Å"that are to be derived from the study of philosophy†. The first being, â€Å"increased clearness in your own beliefs† (Chan 10). For me, I believe this statement to be saying that I must truly be sure that what I hold to be true is in fact true to me. The second is, â€Å"increased assurance that your beliefs are reasonable† (Cahn, 10). So to my understanding, now that I believe that such a fact is true, I must also make sure that it is reasonable. What does it mean for something to be reasonable? â€Å"’Reasonable’ has a broad, but definite, meaning here: a reasonable belief is simply a belief for which a good reason can be given. Reasonable beliefs are logically justifiable† (Cahn, 3). Okay, so if I put this in my own words, it means that this fact that I hold to be true, must also have some sort of good purpose for it to hold such meaning. The third and last benefit is, â€Å"increased consistency† (Cahn, 11). Because there are so many questions one can ask that can force us to contradict most anything, this third belief to me is saying that, with consistency, there may be a possibility of coming to an actual answer or an agreement of such facts or ideas. Not sure if I cleared up what philosophy means to me, or if I confused myself more. Hopefully I do not confuse you either. I wrote on this first reading, because it really captured my attention in that, sometimes we as humans do philosophical thinking and questioning though we may not always be aware of it. Whether we are questioning some sort of fact out loud, or internally – we are participating in â€Å"philosophical thinking† (Cahn, 7). Therefore, it is important to understand what this term ‘philosophy’ means. I am excited for this course to explore many ideas and to uncover/discover such conceptual thinking and ideas that I may not be aware of, through the readings and discussions we will be holding in class.

Turkey and UK Relations

Turkey and UK Relations Introduction: The relationship between Turkey and United Kingdom is well-rounded and covers economic, politic, military and social aspects. In this paper, the relationship between Turkey and United Kingdom was divided as four section. These sections are information about United Kingdom, historical background of relationship, conflicts and cooperation between Turkey and United Kingdom. Nowadays, the relationship between United Kingdom and Turkey is seen in a golden age after the intensive mutual high-level visits and the Strategic Partnership Document in 2010.[1] The argument of this paper is even if there were some conflicts and historical grievances between UK and Turkey, the current relationship has a stringent links with the trade relations and alliances. Information About United Kingdom: As an European country United Kingdom has some differences from Continental Europe such as geographical and political. This differences have significant effect to determine the position of United Kingdom about the European Union membership of Turkey. United Kingdom as an island state do not have territorial neighbors and land borders so UK has an abstraction and isolation from Continental Europe. As political, United Kingdom has a constitutional monarchy unlike Europe. This system includes items from democracy, aristocracy and monarchy. While Queen who has a symbolic effect in policy of United Kingdom, symbolizes monarch items, on the other side elections, juristic system, political parties and House of Commons exhibit the democratic structure of United Kingdom. Besides, House of Lords shows the aristocratic items of United Kingdom. In the foreign policies of United Kingdom, USA has a significant role. According to Winston Churchill, United States of America should be preferential in the spheres of interest of United Kingdom. Therefore, generally foreign policies of UK are coordinated with USA. For instance, United States of America and United Kingdom had common operations such as Iraq War in 2003.In this regard, Turkey had and still have some common policies with United Kingdom. For example USA, Turkey and UK are the same side about the support to Syrian opposition. To understand the effect of United Kingdom in the foreign policy of Turkey, we should know the historical background of the relationship between UK and Turkey. Historical Background: The diplomatic relationship between Turkey and UK has started in sixteen century to against Spain as the common enemy . The first ambassador of United Kingdom in Ottoman Empire was William Harborne in 1583.[2] Ottoman Empire has established its first permanent embassy in UK in 18.century and Yusuf Agà ¢h Efendi as the first ambassador of Ottoman Empire in London, started his mission in 1793.[3] This diplomatic relations with United Kingdom was used by Ottoman Empire as a balance policy against Russia. Ottoman Empire was able to win Crimean War in 1853 against Russia with the assistance and alliance of United Kingdom. Moreover, Napoleons attack to Egypt was stopped by Ottoman Empire with the assistance of navy of United Kingdom. The balance policy of Ottoman Empire has availed until 19.century and UK has tried to protect Ottoman Empires territorial integrity against Russia until1878.After 1877-1878 War( 93 Warfare), UK changed its policy about protect the Ottoman Empires territorial integrity and tried to establish buffer zones against Russia.[4] Apart from alliances, United Kingdom and Ottoman Empire have been at war in World War One. In First World War, United Kingdom and Ottoman Empire have fought in Gallipoli Campaign and Middle East Campaigns. After the war and the defeat of Ottoman Empire, Ä °stanbul was occupied by United Kingdom and UK established mandates in Iraq and Palestine which was a part of Ottoman Empire. During the National Struggle Period, there was no a hot conflicts with United Kingdom. After the establishment of Republic of Turkey, political conflicts with UK has started about the Mosul issue. CONFLICTS: Despite there is no a current and serious conflict between UK and Turkey now, Mosul and Cyprus Dispute were important events and conflicts between Turkey and UK. After National Struggle , UK as a mandatory of Iraq had tension with Turkey towards on Mosul Issue. On the one hand, Turkey argued that Mosul is in National Pact , on the other hands United Kingdom believed that Mosul is significant and necessary for the dependence of Iraq because of the strategic location and oilfields of Mosul.[5] After the Lausanne Peace Treaty, Turkey and United Kingdom were not able to solve issue so UK applied to League of Nations. League of Nations has prepared a report which gave the region to Iraq and Turkey refused this decision and sides have applied to International Court of Justice.[6] The Courts gave decision that League of Nation decision is binding for two sides.[7] At the end, Turkey and United Kingdom has agreed about the Mosul and Turkey has accepted the decisions of League of Nations, on condition that Turkey will take the %25 of petrol income of Mosul over 25 years.[8]Hereby, sides were able to solve the conflict with peaceful methods, Mosul became a part of Iraq and UK and Turkey signed Ankara Treaty. As an another conflicts between UK and Turkey, Cyprus Issue has started with Enosis idea of Greek Cypriots. United Kingdom took part in this issue because when World War One started, United Kingdom annexed Cyprus in 1914 and UK has used the island a military based until the end of Second World War. After the decolonization, Republic of Cyprus was established under the Turkey, UK and Greeces guarantor in 1959. During the tension between Greeks and Turks in island, UK was against the military intervention of Turkey because of the British citizens who were living in island and also the cooperation with the Greeks was necessary for United Kingdom to continuity military bases of UK.[9]After the Cyprus intervention of Turkey, Turkish Cypriots declared the independent Turki sh Republic of Northern Cyprus. The United Kingdom does not recognize the TRNC which is only recognized by Turkey. The UK is a signatory state of the Treaty of Guarantee which concerning the independence and status of Cyprus. In terms of United Kingdom, there is more possibility about the solving Cyprus issue. United Kingdom hopes some alternative approaches can be developed which is more likely than previous efforts to built a peaceful settlement .In this regard, revenues from Cyprus possible gas reserves is seen an significant instrument to expedite for solving the issue peacefully.[10] In addition, 14 negotiation chapters of Turkey can not open because of the Cyprus issue so United Kingdom believes that the solution of this issue with gas reserving, causes a serious development about the Turkeys membership to European Union.[11] Despite all of this historical grievances, nowadays relations shape with the cooperation which have good trade relations and alliances between UK and Tur key. COOPERATIONS: Turkey had and still have some regional alliances such as CENTO and NATO.After the Second World War, the bipolar world system emerged and USA prepare some regional organizations such as NATO, CENTO and SEATO. CENTOS Original name was Middle East Treaty Organization. It was formed by United Kingdom, Iraq, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey in 1955. Its aim was to contain the Soviet Union and prevent Soviet expansion into the Middle East. The Iran Islam Revolution caused the end of the organization , however when Turkey invaded Cyprus it had already been finished in reality. As another regional organization NATO was formed to contain Soviet Union in the same way with CEATO too. This international military alliance system aims an common defence when a states attacks to a member state of NATO. Before Turkey became the member of NATO in 1952, United Kingdom had been a founding member of NATO. As military alliance, Turkey and United Kingdom meet some military practices such as Exercise Joint Warrio r .[12]Turkey and UK have various bilateral trade agreements such as the â€Å"2010 Strategic Partnership Document†, which was signed during Prime Minister Cameron’s visit to Turkey in July 2010, creates a road map to strengthen the strategic partnership. As a member of European Union, United Kingdom had significant trade relations which comes from the empire on which the sun never sets.After the decolonization period and the nationalization of the Suez Canal , United Kingdom started to lose its commercial advantage and headed to European Union.[13] When we look at the role of UK about European Union membership of Turkey, UK is one the big supporter of Turkey about membership of European Union. Rather than Germany and France, UK is not interested socio-cultural reasons and Turkey as a big developing economy is seen suitable and useful for EU by UK. Prime Minister of United Kingdom Tony Blair was one of the main supporter of Turkish membership to EU and likewise Blairâ €™s successor Gordon Brown argues the membership. This policy of United Kingdom is an evidence of the harmony with US and also United Kingdom prefers to wide European Union rather than to deep it.[14] With the occlusion of Turkeys membership about EU, idea of UK-style membership was created.[15] According to this membership, Turkey can be member like United Kingdom which does not include some parts of EU such as Euro and Schengen policy. As a thesis, this idea is seen that it can become possible membership of Turkey. Another area of cooperation is trade which have an significant effect between United Kingdom and Turkey.Turkey as an important trade partner of UK, Turkey-UK bilateral trade volume was 13,9 billion dollar in 2011. [16]Turkey has a trade surplus in trade with United Kingdom which is a developed country. There are 2.362 companies which have capital operating of United Kingdom in Turkey and UK’s direct investments have reached 917 million dollar in Turkey in 201 1 .[17] Last year, the export of Turkey to UK increased by 8 percent and become 8 billion 584 million 178 thousand dollar.[18] Thus, UK become the third partner in export list of Turkey after Germany and Iraq. Over the last year, Turkish firms exported to UK a lot of product. According to Exporters Assembly, clothing and apparel products have the biggest part of export to UK. In this sector, 12.48 percent of these products are gone to UK.[19] As leading export products of Turkey, textiles and raw materials export amount to UK are 321 million 167 thousand.[20] Beko, Yà ¼nSA, Vitra, Vestel, BMC, Desa Deri and Çimstone are Turkish firms which export to UK. [21]The top 5 imports categories from UK were: metalliferous ores and metal scrap, power generating machinery and equipment, road vehicles, medicinal and pharmaceutical products, iron and steel.[22] Vodafone, HSBC, TESCO, Marks Spencer and Harvey Nichols are important British firms which invest in Turkey.[23] Sometimes, trade b arriers emerged in the trade relations between Turkey and United Kingdom. As a member state of European Union, United Kingdom has some health, safety, environmental protection regulations which causes some difficulties to importation of Turkey to UK.[24] Despite these regulations, United Kingdom is one of flexible member of European Union about this issue. Another problem in trade relations between Turkey and United Kingdom is visa issue. Sometimes, Turkish businessmen have difficulties to getting visa.[25]There are also some events that harm the relations between United Kingdom and Turkey. The deficiency of Turkish law system and human right violations cause a negative international reputation for Turkey.[26] This kind of insufficiencies complicate to defend and support Turkey on the road of European Union membership in terms of United Kingdom.[27] In addition, the restriction of free expression and unfettered media in Turkey harms to relations and strategic partnership between Uni ted Kingdom and Turkey.[28]When we look at the social area ,there are 250 thousand Turkish citizens who is living in the UK and more than 2.5 million British tourists visited Turkey in 2011.[29] Moreover, 34.460 British citizens have 26.730 properties in Turkey.[30] Conclusion: Turkey and United Kingdom have good relations which comes from historical background. United Kingdom was an important figure as a balance policy in the foreign policy of Ottoman Empire. Even if there were some historical grievances, wars and conflicts in the history of Turkey-United Kingdom relationship, current relationship has a stringent links with the trade relations and alliances. With the good trade relations, support about the European membership and Strategic Partnership , the relationship between United Kingdom and Turkey is in golden age. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Asst. Prof. Dr Bahar Hurmi,European Union Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2013 Doà § Dr Ulvi Keser, Armenia Issue Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2012 European Union Center of North Carolina EU Briefings, Turkeys Quest for EU Membership ,March 2008 Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, T.C Ekonomi BakanlÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±, Ä °ngiltere, 2013 T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003 Joint Warrior TatbikatÄ ±, Atlas Okyanusu’nda baÃ…Å ¸ladÄ ±, Retrieved May 16, http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/dzkk-sgk/54668/joint-warrior-tatbikati-atlas-okyanusunda-basladi.html Sezgin Mercan, Tà ¼rkiye-AB Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kilerine Ä °ngiltere Modeli, February 2013 11 Ã…Å ¾ubat Ä °ngiltere BasÄ ±n Ãâ€"zeti ,RetrievedMay16, http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/basinozeti/2014/02/140211_basin_ozeti.shtml 1 [1] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [2] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [3] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [4]Doà § Dr Ulvi Keser, Armenia Issue Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2012 [5]William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 51 [6] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 51-52 [7] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 52 [8] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 52 [9] William Hale, Tà ¼rk DÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸ PolitikasÄ ±, Arkeoloji ve Sanat YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, Mart 2003, p 161 [10] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 11 [11]11 Ã…Å ¾ubat Ä °ngiltere BasÄ ±n Ãâ€"zeti ,RetrievedMay16, http://www.bbc.co.uk/turkce/basinozeti/2014/02/140211_basin_ozeti.shtml [12] Joint Warrior TatbikatÄ ±, Atlas Okyanusu’nda baÃ…Å ¸ladÄ ±, Retrieved May 16, http://www.denizhaber.com.tr/dzkk-sgk/54668/joint-warrior-tatbikati-atlas-okyanusunda-basladi.html [13] Asst. Prof. Dr Bahar Hurmi,European Union Lecture Notes, AtÄ ±lÄ ±m University, 2013 [14] European Union Center of North Carolina EU Briefings, Turkeys Quest for EU Membership ,March 2008, p 6 [15] Sezgin Mercan, Tà ¼rkiye-AB Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kilerine Ä °ngiltere Modeli, February 2013 [16] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [17] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [18] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [19] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [20] Ä °ngiltere Tà ¼rkiye’nin ÃÅ"à §Ãƒ ¼ncà ¼ Ä °hracat OrtaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±,Retrieved, http://www.londragazete.com/?p=6344 [21] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 3 [22] T.C Ekonomi BakanlÄ ±Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±, Ä °ngiltere, 2013, p 4 [23] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 3 [24] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 9 [25] T.C Londra Bà ¼yà ¼kelà §iliÄÅ ¸i Ticaret Mà ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸avirliÄÅ ¸i, Tà ¼rkiye Ä °ngiltere Ticari Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri, p 9 [26] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [27] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [28] House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, UK–Turkey Relations and Turkeys Regional Role, March 2012, p 3 [29] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa [30] Tà ¼rkiye-Ä °ngiltere Siyasi Ä °liÃ…Å ¸kileri ,Retrieved May 16, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ingiltere-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa